Caracterizaci\'on del paisaje y an\'alisis del l\'imite oeste del Parque Nacional Carara, Costa Rica: implicaciones para la conservaci\'on de la biodiversidad

نویسندگان

  • Sergio Gabriel Quesada-Acuna
  • Valerie Valdelomar
  • Cristina Arrieta-Ch.
  • Gustavo Ruiz Morales
  • Miguel Matarrita-Herrera
  • Jos'e Fabio Araya G.
  • Iv'an Sandoval Hern'andez
چکیده

It is unknown if the current size and shape of protected areas (PA) in Costa Rica favors retention of viable populations of wildlife. The western border of Carara National Park (CNP) and its surroundings were characterized at a landscape level in order to consider their implications for biodiversity conservation. 54 400 hectares of Costa Rican Central Pacific tree cover were analyzed (1997, 2000, 2005) to calculate the size of the PAs, mean shape index, mean patch fractal dimension and edge density. Aside from that, we performed eight habitat evaluations on the western border of the CNP (“costanera-sur” highway) to assess tree composition, regeneration, litter, horizontal obstruction, and canopy cover. It was determined that the PAs were between 36 and 5 242 hectares long. We observed that the tree cover increased from 21 231,8 hectares in 1997 to 29 006,9 hectares in 2000, and decreased to 26 933,4 hectares in 2005. We found out that most of the tree cover (2005) belongs to CNP and ZP Cerros de Turrubares, but both of them present high values of edge density and mean shape index, suggesting that they are susceptible to alteration and fragmentation. The four evaluated points have a similar successional stage. In order to maintain the potential of CNP as an area for biodiversity conservation, we recommend reducing the maximum speed limit in the region adjacent to the park. It is also important to establish frequent monitoring of the tree cover and promote reforestation programs to create corridors that stop the area’s fragmentation and facilitate biodiversity conservation. RESUMEN. Se desconoce si el tamaño y forma actual de las áreas protegidas (AP) en Costa Rica favorece la permanencia de poblaciones viables de vida silvestre. Se caracterizó a nivel de paisaje el límite oeste del PN Carara y alrededores, para considerar sus implicaciones en la conservación de la biodiversidad. Se analizó la cobertura forestal (1997, 2000, 2005) de 54 400 ha en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica; para calcular tamaño de las AP, índice de complejidad de forma, índice de dimensión fractal y densidad de bordes. Además se hicieron ocho evaluaciones de hábitat en el límite oeste del PNC (carretera costanerasur) para evaluar composición arbórea, regeneración, hojarasca, obstrucción horizontal y cobertura del dosel. Se determinó que las AP miden entre 36 y 5 242 ha. Se observó que la cobertura forestal de 1997 (21 231,8 ha), aumentó para el año 2000 (29 006,9 ha) y disminuyó para el año 2005 (26 933,4 ha). En la cobertura forestal (2005) se comprobó que la mayor parte de los terrenos protegidos pertenecen al PNC y la ZP cerros de Turrubares, pero ambas presentan valores altos de densidad de bordes y complejidad de formas, lo cual sugiere que son susceptibles a alteración y fragmentación. Los cuatro puntos evaluados presentan un estado sucesional similar. Para mantener el potencial del PNC como área de conservación de la biodiversidad, es recomendable reducir el límite de velocidad máxima en la región que colinda con el PNC. También es importante establecer un monitoreo frecuente de la cobertura boscosa y fomentar programas de reforestación para crear corredores biológicos que detengan la fragmentación de la zona y faciliten la conservación de la biodiversidad.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013